竞争与垄断：两种市场结构下的模块化比较研究

模块化生产与市场结构紧密联系在一起，在传统经济和网络经济两种经济条件下，模块化生产分别表现为两种不同的形式：竞争性模块化和垄断性模块化。与竞争性模块化不同，网络经济下，模块化生产必然经历竞争性模块化——激烈竞争——垄断性模块化的演化路径。从效率的角度看，竞争性模块化的效率是资源配置的静态效率，而垄断性模块化的分工优势使竞争性垄断的市场结构的动态效率得到极大发挥。从社会福利的角度看，竞争性模块必然出现非意愿交易的市场出清，因此其不能实现社会福利的极大化。而在网络经济条件下，由于内生交易成本和外生交易成本的存在，垄断性模块化同样不能实现社会福利的极大。但在垄断性模块化中，生产者剩余和消费者剩余都比竞争性模块化下增加，所以，垄断性模块化的社会福利比竞争性模块化情况下的社会福利提高了。

Competition and Monopoly: Compare and Research on Modularized Production Under Two Different Market Structures

Modularized Production has close relation to market structure. Under different market structures, traditional economy and network economy, Modularized Production has two different forms： competitive modularization and monopolistic modularization. Contrast to the competitive modularization , under the network econom,consequentially, modularized production has a evolvement route：competitive modularization-intensely competition- monoplistic modularization. From the aspect of efficiency, the efficiency of competitive modularization can only achieve the static efficiency, but the predominance of dividing the Work of monopolistic modu- larization can achieve the dynamic efficiency of competitive monopolization market furthest. Form the aspect of social welfare ,competitive modularization must result in market clearing with unwilling exchange, so it can＇t achieve the maximum of social welfare, Under the network economy, because, so it can＇t achieve the maximum of social welfare. Under the network economy, because of endogenous transaction cost and exogenous transaction cost, monpolistic modularization also can＇t achieve the maximum of social welfare. However, in the monop-olistic modularization, all the producer surplus and consumer surplus are more than that of competitive modularization,so the social welfare of monopolistic modularization qre better off comparing with the competitive modularization.