速率方位惯性导航系统

本文提出一种把平台式和捷联式惯导系统结合在一起的新的惯性导航系统。在该系统中使用的速率方位平台没有方位稳定回路、方位坐标分解器及同步器。平台和运载器的方位角是根据由水平环架支承的方位速率陀螺讯号借助积分运算得到的。这种惯导系统适用于运输机、飞航式及弹道式导弹等不作大角度俯仰机动的运载器。文中叙述了方位速率平台的工作原理、力学编排方程、初始对准的特点以及陀螺漂移的标定和补偿;同时对各主要误差源所引起的姿态、速度和导航定位误差的传播特性进行了模拟计算。在结论中指出:平台的结构简单、体积小、重量轻、可靠性好、可对方位陀螺的漂移进行标定和补偿是其独特优点。另外,如果利用专门的光学系统,配合已知地标的方位角和纬度,不仅能够实现快速对准,而且还可进行水平陀螺的标定和补偿。

AN AZIMUTH RATE INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM

A new type of inertial navigation system combining customary platform type with strap-down one is put forward. In this system the azimuth rate platform without azimuth stabilized loop, coordinate-resolver and azimuth syn chronzer is adopted. The azimuth angles of platform and vehicle will be obtained by an integrator from azimuth rate signals measured by an azimuth gyroscope supported on a horizontal gimbal. This type of inertial navigation system is suitable for vehicles without large-pitching maneuver, such as transports, aerodynamic and ballistic missiles.Operational principles of the azimuth rate platform, mechanization equations, distinguishing features of initial alignment, and calibration and compensation for drifts of gyroscopes are discussed in this paper. Error propagation characteristics caused by various error sources for navigation positioning, velocity and attitude are simulated on a digital computer. Simplicity in platform structure, small volume and weight, high reliability, possibility of calibration and compensation for drifts of the azimuth gyroscope are the distinctive advantages of this inertial navigation system.Moreover, by using a specific optical system referring to given azimuth angles of land marks and geographical latitudes, it is possible to accomplish not only fast alignment, but also calibration and compensation of horizontal gyroscope.