雷达技术在小天体任务中的应用研究

在小天体任务中,雷达技术可用于浅表层探测和全球内部结构探测。总结了国内外雷达技术在天体探测任务中的应用现状,分析了单站和双站雷达系统的不同应用场景,对比了单站雷达中的轨道器雷达、表面巡视器雷达的不同特点。在此基础上,研究了小天体的可能结构、可能物质,介绍了单站、双站雷达的基本工作原理,提出了针对不同结构小天体可采用的雷达探测体制。针对尺寸较大的分层结构小天体,可采用单站雷达探测天体的浅表层,获取表层和浅表层的介电常数以及表层的深度;对于尺寸较小的碎石堆结构小天体,可采用双站雷达观测天体透射波,获取天体的介电常数和全球内部结构。最后通过仿真实验,验证了双站雷达对于探测碎石堆状小行星全球内部结构的有效性。

Application Study of Radar Technology for Small Body Exploration Missions

Radar technology can be applied to small body exploration missions for subsurface detection and global interior structuredetection. In this paper, the current applications both at home and abroad are introduced, and the different application scenes of monostatic radar and bistatic radar are described and the characteristics ofmonostatic radar loaded on the orbiter and the rover are presented. Through analyzing of potential material and structure of small bodies and studying the working principles of monostaticand bistaticradars, the available radar mode for a small body with potential structure is proposed. For a layered small body, which is always in a relatively large size, the monostatic radar can be applied for subsurface detection. While for a rubble pile small body, the bistatic radar can be used to obtain its permittivity and image the global interior structure using transmitted waves over global observation. The effectiveness of the bistatic radar forinterior structure detection of a rubble pile asteroid is verified through numerical simulation.