Planetary parks—formulating a wilderness policy for planetary bodies

Building on an earlier article, establishment of a planetary park system for other planetary bodies is further developed. Reasons are elaborated for such a system to protect representative regions of other planetary bodies. Although a parks system might seem supererogatory, and an over-reaction to the currently very limited environmental impact of robotic and human exploration and settlement activities, four arguments are provided that suggest that such a system does have a value, even in advance of robotic and human missions. Planetary parks incorporate concepts of planetary protection, but they extend the reasons for practical protection policies beyond the utilitarian protection of scientific resources emphasized by planetary protection, into other utilitarian and intrinsic value arguments. Planetary parks might still allow for the development of non-park areas by commercial enterprise.