动能撞击偏转近地小天体研究进展

以近地小天体防御为背景，介绍了近地小天体的基本概念和物理特性，分析了超高速动能撞击偏转近地小天体的研究进展。讨论了超高速动能撞击近地小天体表面成坑形貌、相似律以及成坑过程中抛射物产生机制、演化过程和抛射物质量速度分布相似律。总结了基于结合点源假设、实验和数值模拟结果建立的超高速动能撞击小天体动量传递理论模型和相似律。分析了近地小天体的物理特性和撞击条件对动量传递系数的影响规律。归纳了超高速动能撞击偏转近地小天体研究中存在的问题，对超高速动能撞击防御小天体的发展趋势提出了若干建议。

Review of Kinetic Impact Deflection of Near Earth Objects

With the defense of near Earth objects as the background, the basic concepts and physical characteristics of small near Earth objects are introduced and the research progress on the kinetic deflection of near Earth objects is reviewed. The cratering morphology, generation mechanism, mass velocity distribution, and scaling law of ejecta material by impact are discussed. Based on the point source hypothesis and experimental and numerical simulation results, the theoretical model and similarity law of momentum transfer are summarized. The influence of the physical characteristics of the near Earth objects and impact conditions on the momentum transfer coefficient is analyzed. Finally, the problems in the study of kinetic deflection of near Earth objects are summarized, and some suggestions on the future research trends of kinetic deflection of near Earth objects are put forward.