微纳卫星新型动力系统研究进展

微纳卫星指采用现代技术、微电子技术、机械技术等设计制造的具有高性价比的现代微小卫星。因其具有发射成本低廉、应用灵活等特点,微纳卫星受到各国的广泛关注。微纳卫星动力系统具有良好的发展前景。本文综述了微纳卫星动力系统的发展现状,针对自中和射频离子推力器、离子液体推力器、碳纳米管阵列推力器、石墨烯材料光驱动等几种新型且有望用于微纳卫星推进的方案,简要说明其工作原理,并分析其核心技术以及性能优势。给出了发展建议:提升总冲、功耗、调节精度等参数是微纳卫星动力系统未来主要的发展方向;研发工作中需要重点关注结构工艺、离子束流中和等关键技术。

Research Progress of New Propulsion System of Micro/Nano-Satellite

Micro/nano-satellite refers to the modern micro-satellite with high cost performance designed and manufactured by modern technology, microelectronics technology, mechanical technology, etc. Because of its characteristics such as low launch cost and flexible application, micro/nano-satellite has attracted extensive attention from various countries. The propulsion system of micro/nano-satellite has a good development prospect. In this paper, the development status of the propulsion system of micro/nano-satellite is reviewed. Based on the propulsion schemes, the working principles of several new and promising propulsion systems for micro/nano-satellite e.g., self-neutralizing radio-frequency thruster, ionic liquid thruster, carbon nanotube array thruster, and photic driving by graphene material, are briefly introduced, and the corresponding key technologies and performance advantages are analyzed. It is suggested that the main development direction of micro/nano-satellite propulsion system in the future is to improve the parameters such as the total impulse, power consumption, and adjustment accuracy, and in the research and development work, the key technologies such as structural technology and ion beam neutralization should be focused on.