Nuclear fragmentation of high-energy heavy-ion beams in water. |
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Authors: | D Schardt I Schall H Geissel H Irnich G Kraft A Magel M F Mohar G Munzenberg F Nickel C Scheidenberger W Schwab L Sihver |
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Institution: | GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. |
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Abstract: | As a part of the physical-technical program of the heavy-ion therapy project at GSI we have investigated the nuclear fragmentation of high-energy ion beams delivered by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS, using water as a tissue-equivalent target. For a direct comparison of fragmentation properties, beams of 10B, 12C, 14N, and 16O were produced simultaneously as secondary beams from a primary 18O beam and separated in flight by magnetic beam analysis. The Z-distributions of beam fragments produced in the water target were measured via energy loss in a large ionisation chamber and a scintillator telescope. From these data we obtained both total and partial charge-changing cross sections. In addition we have performed Bragg measurements using two parallel-plate ionization chambers and a water target of variable length. The detailed shape of the measured Bragg curves and the measured cross sections are in good agreement with model calculations based on semi-empirical formulae. |
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