Multiplexing Asynchronous Signals Using Bit Stuffing and Retiming Techniques

This paper discusses the problem of multiplexing asynchronous signals which are clocked from independent sources. Two solutions are offered to this problem: one provides a continuous transmission over a fixed period of time proportional to the bit rate integrity duration, and the other utilizes a bit stuffing technique. The former approach is used when the asynchronous signals are clocked from highly stable clocks, and also when the bit rate integrity period is on the order of a few hours. The latter approach is employed when the signal clocks are relatively less stable or the bit rate integrity period is very long. The reliability of these techniques is analyzed, and their efficiencies are evaluated and found to be most satisfactory. Synchronization procedures and probabilities of false lock and failure to lock are also described. In addition, a multiplex system illustrating these techniques is presented. The system multiplexes four input channels at a one megabit rate for each.