宇宙真空测量的理论与技术

在行星上和在航天器上测量行星表面同一时刻、同一位置的大气密度，会得到不同的测量数据，必须经过坐标系转换把航天器上的测量数据转换成行星坐标系的数据才可和地面观测数据比较。文章系统地归纳了宇宙真空测量的理论与技术，改正了相应的坐标转换公式，对之进行了合理性讨论，推导出分子流密度和大气压强的转换公式并建立了地面校准宇航速度定向分子流压强及压强的模拟理论，形成了比较完整的宇宙真空测量理论体系。从该理论体系出发，提出了宇宙真空测量技术方案的建议。

The theory and the technology of the space vacuum measurement

For the atmospheric density near the planetary surface on the planet fixed system or on a spacecraft in the same place at the same time,different measured data are usually obtained.If we want to compare these two sets of measured data,one must convert the measured data from the spacecraft coordinate system to the planet coordinate system through a transformation.On the basis of the theory and the technology of the space vacuum measurements,this paper has obtained the corresponding transformation formulas and validated them.The formulas for the molecular flow density and the atmospheric pressure on spacecraft are derived.The simulation theory for calibrating the directed molecular flow density and pressure is established.Thus,a complete theoretical system for space vacuum measurements is formed.Based on this theoretical system,some recommendations are made for the space vacuum measurement program.