空间碎片防护研究最新进展

空间碎片对在轨航天器的安全运行构成了严重威胁，对航天器的撞击事件频繁发生。随着空间碎片环境的日趋恶化，航天器的防护变得越来越重要。文章从空间碎片环境模型、撞击风险评估、航天器部件损伤、防护材料与结构的超高速撞击试验、撞击试验数据库建设、超高速发射设备、在轨撞击感知、机构间超高速发射设备交叉校验等方面对国内外空间碎片防护研究的进展进行了总结，并在此基础上给出我国未来空间碎片防护研究的发展建议。

Review of recent development of space debris protection research

Space debris poses a serious threat to the orbiting spacecraft and the observation of the surface damage of the ISS/STS retrievable components reveals a high frequency of impacts.Due to the deteriorated space debris environment,the spacecraft protection becomes more and more important.This paper reviews the recent development of the space debris protection research,including the space debris environment model,the risk assessment,the spacecraft component damage prediction,the protection materials structure HVI tests,the HVI database construction,the HVI launch technology,the in-situ impact sensor development,the cross-calibration of HVI facilities.Some suggestions are made of China’s future space debris protection researches.