无人机滑橇缓冲装置动力学仿真分析

着陆缓冲装置的性能主要依靠缓冲器来实现,而缓冲器的仿真建模是虚拟样机设计的关键,传统的缓冲器建模方法主要采用理论公式法,其精度较难确定。根据无人机的使用要求,设计一种适用于伞降回收的滑橇缓冲方案;运用缓冲器静压试验及缓冲器落震试验数据曲线建立缓冲器动力学模型;基于缓冲器动力学模型研究全机多刚体落震模型,对无人机着陆缓冲过程的动态特性进行仿真分析;应用有限元技术对滑橇结构动态响应进行非线性动力学仿真分析,并根据仿真结果优化滑橇缓冲装置设计参数。结果表明:仿真结果与全机落震试验结果相吻合;所建立的无人机落震模型精度较高,满足工程需要,能极大地减少试验成本,缩短研制周期。

Dynamical Simulation of an UAV Ski-buffer-system

A kind of ski-buffer-solution is presented for the parachute recovery according to the requirements of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles). The performance of the landing buffer device is mainly achieved by the shock absorber. The key of virtual prototype design is shock absorber modeling. The traditional method is mainly theoretical formula method, which accuracy is difficult to determine. The shock absorber tests are very simple. A dynamical model of the shock absorber is established by using the experimental results of shock absorber static and dropping tests. Based on the dynamical model of shock absorber, a multi-body dynamical model of the full aircraft is established. Then the dynamical characteristics of the UAV landing process are simulated. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The dynamical response of the ski structure is analyzed by the nonlinear dynamic simulation with FEM. According to the simulation, the design parameters are optimized finally. The high precision dynamical model established in the paper fully meets the engineering requirements, greatly reduces the test cost, and shortens the development cycle.