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A balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry experiment in the stratosphere: Systems design and developments
Authors:Akihiro Doi  Yusuke Kono  Kimihiro Kimura  Satomi Nakahara  Tomoaki Oyama  Nozomi Okada  Yasutaka Satou  Kazuyoshi Yamashita  Naoko Matsumoto  Mitsuhisa Baba  Daisuke Yasuda  Shunsaku Suzuki  Yutaka Hasegawa  Mareki Honma  Hiroaki Tanaka  Kosei Ishimura  Yasuhiro Murata  Reiho Shimomukai  Shoko Koyama
Institution:1. The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan;2. Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan;3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan;4. Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;5. Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 00A02-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan;6. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;7. Department of Aerospace Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hishirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan;8. Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;9. Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;10. Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;11. Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;12. National Institute of Technology, Gifu College, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu-city, Gifu 501-0495, Japan;13. Center for Astronomy, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan;14. Kashima Space Technology Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 893-1 Hirai, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-8501, Japan;15. Interdisciplinary Theoretical & Mathematical Science Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;p. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;q. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;r. The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan;s. Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;t. Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Abstract:The balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment is a technical feasibility study for performing radio interferometry in the stratosphere. The flight model has been developed. A balloon-borne VLBI station will be launched to establish interferometric fringes with ground-based VLBI stations distributed over the Japanese islands at an observing frequency of approximately 20?GHz as the first step. This paper describes the system design and development of a series of observing instruments and bus systems. In addition to the advantages of avoiding the atmospheric effects of absorption and fluctuation in high frequency radio observation, the mobility of a station can improve the sampling coverage (“uv-coverage”) by increasing the number of baselines by the number of ground-based counterparts for each observation day. This benefit cannot be obtained with conventional arrays that solely comprise ground-based stations. The balloon-borne VLBI can contribute to a future progress of research fields such as black holes by direct imaging.
Keywords:Balloon  Interferometry  Satellite system  Radio telescopes  Radio astronomy  Black holes
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