Progress in ionospheric informatics based on electron-density profile analysis of ionograms |
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| Institution: | 1. Space Weather Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;2. Dept. of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA;3. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada;4. Dept. of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;1. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden;2. Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Schlossstraße 6, 18225 Kühlungsborn, Germany;3. Department of Physics and Technology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;4. Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;1. University of Leeds, United Kingdom;2. Virginia Tech, United States;3. Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany;4. German Aerospace Centre-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China;2. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China;1. IZMIRAN, Kaluzskoe Sh. 4, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia;2. Space Research Centre PAS, Bartycka 18a, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland;3. Space Research Institute RAS, Profsoyuznaja 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia;1. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, P.O. Box 812, SE-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden;2. ABB Schweiz AG, Corporate Research, CH-5405 Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland;3. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, P.O. Box 537, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;4. Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Evolution of techniques for electron-density profile analysis of ionograms attests to a close coupling with ionospheric modelling. Advanced achievements in both fields are used in the International Reference Ionosphere, IRI, the selection being made by criteria of internal consistency. This paper presents the results of comparisons of modern methods of calculating electron-density profiles from ground-based vertical-incidence ionograms. It is shown that the shapes of the resulting electron-density profiles depend upon the peak height and electron density of the E and F-layers. Formulae for the F2-layer sub-peak electron density, the E-F valley and their relation to the peak height of the ionosphere are presented as functions of solar-zenith angle. Implementation of such relationships allows refinement and considerable simplification of representations in the IRI, depending on the solar and geophysical controlling parameters. |
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