The role of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen in the relationship between electron temperature and electron density in the ionosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece;2. Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK-EPPO), Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, UK;1. School of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China;2. Graduate Institute of Network, Learning Technology, National Central University, Taiwan;1. Department of English, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 1, University Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology, National Central University, 300, Jungda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan;3. Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan;4. Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Soochow University, 56, Section 1, Kueiyang Street, Chungcheng District, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan;1. Karolinska Institute, Department of Oncology-Pathology, P.O. Box 260, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Karolinska University Hospital, Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen play several roles in controlling electron temperature in the F-region. Both O and N2 are ionised by EUV radiation and produce photoelectrons. Ion-exchange with N2 controls the recombination of O+ and hence the equilibrium electron density. In the transfer of photoelectron energy to thermal electrons competition arises from ionisation and excitation of oxygen and nitrogen. Finally, the three most important processes by which thermal electrons lose energy are Coulomb collision with 0+, excitation of the fine-structure states of 0 and vibrational cooling by N2. A simple model expresses all these processes and accurately describes the observed relationship between electron temperature, electron density and solar flux. |
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