直升机漂浮特性试验技术研究

为了保证直升机在水上迫降后可提供足够的漂浮时间供人员撤离，在其设计和研发阶段就应对漂浮特性进行深入广泛的研究。以某直升机背景机型为研究对象，开展了基于应急浮囊的直升机漂浮特性试验技术研究，重点考察了浮囊刚度、试验约束条件和浪向对直升机漂浮特性的影响。结果表明:规则波条件下的直升机运动响应呈现出典型的周期性变化，当浮囊采用柔性材料时，能一定程度削弱直升机的波浪响应，有利于直升机维持在波浪水面上的稳定漂浮；当模型在水面自由漂浮时，柔性浮囊相对刚性材料也能更好地辅助直升机避开极易导致倾覆、翻转的最不利浪向——横向波浪；相对带约束条件的模型试验，自由漂浮状态的试验结果更接近实际的直升机状态。在开展模型试验时，应综合上述特点制定合理可行的研究方案。

Research on test technology of helicopter floating characteristics

In order to ensure that the helicopter can provide sufficient floating time for people to evacuate after ditching on the water, the floating characteristics should be thoroughly and extensively studied in the design and development stage. In this paper, a helicopter model is taken as the research object, and the model test method is studied for the helicopter with emergency floatation bags. In this research, the stiffness of the emergency floatation bags, the experimental conditions and the wave direction are the key variables. The results show that the helicopter motion response under regular wave conditions shows a typical cyclical change feature. When the emergency floatation bags is made of flexible material, the structure can weaken the wave response of the helicopter to a certain extent, which is beneficial to the helicopter to maintain the stable floating on the wave surface. When the model floats freely on the water surface, the flexible material can also better assist the helicopter to avoid the most unfavorable wave direction- the horizontal wave that is easy to cause helicopter's overturning and turning over. The model test with no constraints called free floating state is more comprehensive and close to the actual situation. In the model test, the above characteristics should be noted to carry out the relevant test design.