空间红外天文望远镜低温制冷技术综述

空间红外天文观测对于研究行星、恒星、星系以及宇宙的起源具有重要意义，空间红外天文观测载荷代表了一个国家空间红外遥感载荷技术的最高水平。文章对现有的空间低温制冷方式进行了分析总结，介绍了各种低温制冷方式的特点、技术成熟度及适用温度范围。文章对典型空间红外天文望远镜（HST、IRTS、SIRTF、ASTRO-F、Herschel、WISE、JWST）的低温制冷技术进行了研究与总结，介绍了先进空间红外天文望远镜的制冷系统指标参数、制冷方案，总结了空间红外天文望远镜制冷系统发展规律与发展趋势，为中国空间红外低温制冷技术的发展提出了几点建议。

Overview of Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology in Space Infrared Astronomical Telescopes

Space infrared astronomical observation has significant implications for the study of planet, stellar, galaxy and the origin of the universe. Space infrared astronomical observing payload represents the highest level of the space infrared remote sensing technology of a country. This paper analyses and summarizes the existing space cryogenic refrigeration methods. Various characteristics, technical maturity, and suitable temperature range of space cryogenic refrigeration methods are introduced. Cryogenic system in space infrared astronomical telescopes are introduced respectively, such as HST, IRTS, ASTRO-F, Herschel, WISE and JWST. The parameters of their cryogenic system, detailed cryogenic system and key cryogenic technologies are described. Developing rule and developing trend of the cryogenic system for space infrared astronomical telescopes are summarized. Based on the analysis above, some advice are proposed for space infrared cryogenics.