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The Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) NASA Mission-of-Opportunity |
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| Authors: | D J McComas F Allegrini J Baldonado B Blake P C Brandt J Burch J Clemmons W Crain D Delapp R DeMajistre D Everett H Fahr L Friesen H Funsten J Goldstein M Gruntman R Harbaugh R Harper H Henkel C Holmlund G Lay D Mabry D Mitchell U Nass C Pollock S Pope M Reno S Ritzau E Roelof E Scime M Sivjee R Skoug T S Sotirelis M Thomsen C Urdiales P Valek K Viherkanto S Weidner T Ylikorpi M Young J Zoennchen |
| Institution: | 1. Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX, 78238-5166, USA 2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road SM30, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA 3. The Aerospace Corporation, 2350 El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA, USA 4. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, USA 5. Argelander Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics Section, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel, 53121, Bonn, Germany 6. Astronautics and Space Technology Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1192, USA 7. von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, Schlossplatz 8, 68723, Schwetzingen, Germany 8. VTT, Tietotie 3, 02044, Espoo, Finland 9. Burle Electro-Optics, Inc., P.O. Box 1159, Sturbridge, MA, 01566, USA 10. Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA |
| Abstract: | Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) is a NASA Explorer Mission-of-Opportunity to stereoscopically image the Earth’s magnetosphere for the first time. TWINS extends our understanding of magnetospheric structure and processes by providing simultaneous Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging from two widely separated locations. TWINS observes ENAs from 1–100 keV with high angular (～4°×4°) and time (～1-minute) resolution. The TWINS Ly-α monitor measures the geocoronal hydrogen density to aid in ENA analysis while environmental sensors provide contemporaneous measurements of the local charged particle environments. By imaging ENAs with identical instruments from two widely spaced, high-altitude, high-inclination spacecraft, TWINS enables three-dimensional visualization of the large-scale structures and dynamics within the magnetosphere for the first time. This “instrument paper” documents the TWINS design, construction, calibration, and initial results. Finally, the appendix of this paper describes and documents the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) instrument calibration facility; this facility was used for all TWINS instrument-level calibrations. |
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