超声力学效应在医学诊疗中的创新与转化

目前，医学超声技术正逐渐从传统的基于波动效应的组织器官结构成像，以及基于热效应和空化效应的病变组织毁损等治疗方式，逐步向多功能诊疗技术融合的方向发展。超声力学效应 (即声辐射力)，作为其最重要的生物学效应之一，越来越受到科研和医疗工作者的关注和重视。受益于对超声力学效应理论和机制的不断深入了解，以及电子信息技术的快速发展，近年来涌现出多种基于声辐射力的超声诊疗新技术，如能够对组织力学参数进行定量测量的超声弹性成像技术，以及能够对脑部等神经细胞的活动抑制状态进行无创调节的超声神经调控技术，极大地拓展了超声在医学临床领域的应用，为肝硬化、乳腺癌等重大疾病的早期筛查，以及脑疾病治疗和脑科学研究提供了独特的方法和工具。本文将对这些基于超声力学效应的医学超声新技术近年来的代表性研究成果进行系统性介绍，并分析其未来的发展方向。

Innovation and transformation of ultrasound mechanical effects in medical theranostics

At present, medical ultrasound technology is gradually developing from the traditional imaging of tissue and organ structure based on wave effect of ultrasound, and the treatment of diseased tissue based on thermal and cavitation effects, to the direction of multi-functional integration of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, as one of the most important biological effects, the mechanical effect of ultrasound (i.e. acoustic radiation force) has attracted more and more attention from scientific researchers and medical staffs. Benefiting from the in-depth understanding of the theory and mechanism of ultrasonic mechanical effect, as well as the rapid development of information and electronic technology, a variety of new ultrasonic diagnosis and treatment technologies based on acoustic radiation force have emerged in recent years, which have greatly expanded the application of ultrasound in clinics. For example, ultrasound elastography that can quantitatively measure the tissue stiffness and image its distribution, which can provide early screening for liver cirrhosis and breast cancer; as well as ultrasound neuromodulation that can non-invasively regulate the state of nerve cells in the brain, which can provide unique tools for brain disease treatment and neuroscience research. This article will systematically introduce the representative achievements of these new medical ultrasound technologies based on the mechanical effect of ultrasound in recent years, and analyze their future development directions.