Overview of physiological principles to support thermal balance and comfort of astronauts in open space and on planetary surfaces |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 110 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave., S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Elliott Hall, 75 E. River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;1. Center for Physiological Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Medical University in Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria;2. Cologne, Germany;1. Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, 2101 NASA Parkway, Mail Code: Wyle/HAC/37C, Houston, TX 77058, USA;2. Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA;3. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA;1. IPHES: Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;2. URV: Àrea de Prehistòria, Facultat de Lletres, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;1. Exploration Integration and Science, Mail Code X14, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA;2. JACOBS, Science Department, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2224 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058, USA;3. Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;4. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. National Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA;1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong;2. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China |
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| Abstract: | Although specialists have attempted to improve the space suit to provide better protection in open space or on planetary surfaces, there has been a relative lack of attention to features of human thermoregulatory processes that influence comfort and therefore have an impact on the effectiveness of protective equipment. Our findings showed that different body tissues transfer heat in/out of the body in a different manner. There are also individual differences in thermal transfer through body areas with different proportions of tissues; therefore, data on the thermal profile of each astronaut needs to be used to estimate the optimal body areas for heat/cold transfer in and out of the body in an individually tailored cooling/warming garment. Principles for supporting thermal comfort in space were formulated based on a series of studies to evaluate the human body's response to uniform/nonuniform thermal conditions on the body surface. We conclude that future space suit design and comfort support of astronauts can be easier and more effective if these principles are incorporated. |
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