载人飞船舷窗防热与密封结构的设计与试验

讨论了研制中国载人飞船舷窗防热和密封结构的几个技术难题:1)保证舷窗在返回的高温环境中防热与密封可靠;2)保证窗玻璃材料与周围防热材料烧蚀同步,避免出现局部干扰热流;3)进行多种异质材料,包括透明材料组成的复杂结构温度场的分析计算;4)通过地面模拟试验准确地预测实际飞行条件下舷窗的防热与密封性能。文章阐述了解决这些难点的主要方法和结果。神舟一号至神舟六号的飞行成功表明,舷窗结构的防热和密封性能良好,同时,也给舷窗防热与密封设计技术做了多次飞行验证。

Design and Test for Window Thermal Protection and Sealed Structure of Shenzhou Spaceship

The paper discussed the main technical challenges concerning the thermal-protection and sealed structure of side-view window for the development of Shenzhou(SZ),the manned spaceship developed by China.They are:1)the realization of thermal-protection and seal at the same location,namely the seal performance in the high temperature environment during atmospherical re-entry;2)the screen of TPS materials which have a synchronic-ablative characteristic between the glass and adjacent material of the window,to avoid the appearance of steps,and hence the over-heating caused by the disturbing of gas flow;3)the analysis and calculation program for distribution of temperature in a complex structure consisting of a series of different materials including transparent materials;and 4)the ground test program which can predict the performance of side-view window.The methods to solve the four problems and the results are given in the paper.The performance of thermal-protection and seal of the structure of side-view window has been verified by the six successful flights of SZ-1 to SZ-6,therefore the technique on thermal-protection and sealed structure is verified.