高超声速飞行展望

发展下一代高超声速飞行器的需求主要来自三个方面：第一方面是军用的高超声速飞行器，包括高M数的军用飞机和导弹，特别是跨大气层飞机，将使空中的作战平台提高到一个新水平，有可能在未来的高技术战争中起到杀手锏的作用；第二方面是高超声速客机；第三方面是水平起降的完全重复使用的天地往返运输系统。研制下一代高超声速飞行器面临巨大的技术挑战，在材料与结构、推进技术和空气动力等方面需要很大的技术发展跨度。高超声速飞行器的设计工具，即地面试验、计算和飞行试验，在模拟高超声速飞行方面都有其局限性。为了发展下一代的高超声速飞行器，必须一体化地运用这些工具。一体化设计方法论的关键，是用增量形式的计算流体力学结果，将地面试验数据外推到飞行条件。

PROSPECT OF HYPERSONIC FLIGHT

The requirement of developing next generation of hypersonic vehicles is analyzed in this paper. There are three aspects of requirement. The first is military hypersonic vchiclcs including high Mach number military aircraft and missile,especially transatmosphere aircraft. These vehicles can raise war platform to a new level. The second is hypersonic airliner. The third is horizontal takeoff and horizontal landing fully reusable space transportation system,which is emphasized for reducing the launch cost and improving the operational flexibility. The design and development of next generation of hypersonic vehicles presents a tremendous technological challenge. The reasons are very large technological strides,especially in material & structure, propulsion technology, and aerodynamics, etc. The developing tools for hypersonic vehicle,i. e. ground test,computation and flight lest all have limitations for simulating hypersonic flight. An integrated use of these tools is necessary to develop next generation of hypersonic vehicles. The key of an integrated design methodology is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in an incremental form to extend ground test data to flight.