空天飞机的真实气体效应

本文首先以美国阿波罗飞船和航天飞机气动特性的飞行试验结果与风洞试验结果存在差别为例，说明研究真实气体效应对发展高超声速飞行器的重要性。在分析平衡流和非平衡流中激波特性的基础上，根据典型的空天飞机上升段轨道，分析了空天飞机激波后的平衡组元分布和松弛距离。进而，讨论了真实气体效应对空天飞机气动特性的影响，其中介绍了近代研究真实气体效应的计算流体力学方法和试验技术，重点介绍了Ｐａｒｋ提出的确定化学反应速率系数的双温度模型。最后，对今后空天飞机真实气体效应的研究工作提出了建议。

REAL GAS EFFECTS FOR AEROSPACE PLANE

The importance of research works of real gas effects inhypersonic vehicle development is illustrated by the use of examples thatthere are differences between the aerodynamic results of flight testingand results of wind tunnel testing for Apollo Capsule and Space Shuttlein America. Based on analysis of the shock in equilibrium flow and innoncquilibrium flow, the equilibrium species distributions and relaxationdistances behind a shock for aerospace plane are analysed according totypical ascent trajectory for aerospace plane. Further, the influence ofreal gas effects on aerodynamic characteristics is discussed. The methodsof computational fluid dynamics and test technology for recent researchof real gas effects are introduced. It puts emphasis on Park twotemperature model for predicating reaction rate coefficient. Finally, the suggestions of further research works about real gas effects for aerospace planeare put forward.