空间实验室的精度测量新方法

空间实验室地面总装需要精确地测量GNC设备及有效载荷等仪器之间的相对角度关系，由于空间实验室尺寸大，仪器分布距离远，且部分仪器安装在内部，其精度测量难以实施。文章针对空间实验室的特点提出了一种使用陀螺经纬仪取代普通经纬仪的测量方法，该方法以大地坐标系为公共坐标系，不需要经纬仪之间远距离互瞄和坐标传递，能够有效地实现远距离测量和舱内舱外仪器的相对测量。文中阐述了新方法的数学原理，分析了测量精度，并与普通经纬仪建站测量进行了比较，认为陀螺经纬仪测量方法具有精度高使用灵活的优点。

A new precision measurement method used in space lab assembling

When large scale aerospace lab is assembled, the precision measurement of the relationship between the equipment of GNC and the payloads is needed. But it is difficult to carry out the measurement with the common theodolite because of the large size of the lab with equipments remotely separated and the integrated structure with some equipments invisible from outside. In this paper, a method using the gyro-theodolite is proposed, in which the earth coordinate is used as the global reference coordinate system, so the mutual calibration of theodolite's telescopes and the coordinate transformation are not required. The mathematical model of the gyro-theodolite is discussed, and its precision is analyzed. A comparison between the two methods show that the measurement with gyro-theodolite is more accurate and flexible.