航天飞行器热防护系统及防热材料研究现状

随着航天技术发展,飞行器的飞行速度更快,服役环境更加恶劣,有效的热防护系统是保证飞行器安全飞行的关键系统之一。本文综述了被动防热系统、主动防热系统和半被动防热系统3类热防护系统在航天飞行器上的应用现状,重点介绍了金属基复合材料、碳基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料、树脂基复合材料和气凝胶材料,5类防热材料在航天领域的应用发展情况,并提出了航天飞行器未来热防护的发展趋势。

Research Status of Thermal Protection System and Thermal Protection Materials for Aerospace Vehicles

With the development of space technology, the aircraft flight speed is much higher and the service environment is even worse. The effective thermal protection system is one of the key systems to ensure the safety of aircraft flight. In this paper, the application status of passive thermal protection system, active thermal protection system and semi-passive thermal protection system on the aerospace vehicles are reviewed. And the application and development of five kinds of thermal protection material in the aerospace field, including metal matrix composites, carbon based materials, ceramic matrix composites, resin matrix composites and aerogel materials are mainly introduced. Finally the future developments of the thermal protection for aerospace vehicles are prospected.