临近空间载人舱着陆动力学及影响因素分析

为满足临近空间载人舱着陆缓冲装置可重复使用以及多着陆工况下能提供较好缓冲性能的要求，提出一种以双腔油气缓冲器为主支柱，单腔油气缓冲器为辅助支柱的新型着陆缓冲系统。针对舱体着陆过程，建立了考虑地面弹塑性变形的联合仿真动力学模型；通过与单腿着陆冲击试验的对比分析验证了所建动力学模型的有效性。在此基础上，研究了水平着陆速度，着陆俯仰角以及地面摩擦系数三种初始着陆条件对临近空间载人舱着陆性能的影响。研究结果表明：降低水平着陆速度可有效减小舱体水平着陆过载及提高着陆稳定性能；水平或小俯仰角着陆可使主、辅支柱的受载分配更加合理；减小足垫与地面间摩擦力可降低舱体竖直过载并提高着陆稳定性能。

Analysis on Landing Dynamics and Influence Factors of Near Space Manned Capsule

In order to meet the requirements that the landing system of a near space manned capsule’s reusable and providing good buffering performance under various landing conditions, a novel landing system is proposed with a double-chamber oleo-pneumatic shock absorber installed in the primary strut and two single-chamber oleo-pneumatic shock absorber installed in secondary struts respectively. A co-simulation dynamic model considering the ground elastic deformation is established for the landing impact procedure of the capsule, and the validity of the dynamic model is verified by the one-leg landing impact test. Based on the simulation model, the effects of the initial horizontal landing velocity, landing angle and ground friction coefficient on the landing performance of the near space manned capsule are studied. The results show that the decrease of the horizontal landing speed can effectively reduce the capsule horizontal landing overload and improve the landing stability; the load distribution between the primary and auxiliary struts can be more reasonable under the conditions with small landing angles; the decrease of the friction force between the footpad and ground can reduce the capsule vertical overload and improve the landing stability.