空间目标三维重构误差分析与相机参数设计方法

针对空间目标三维重构任务中的相机参数设计问题，提出一套由目标重构精度反演观测相机参数及观测方案的方法。通过梳理三维重构误差传播机理，将误差传播归结为相机内参数影响特征点齐次坐标和齐次坐标影响重构精度两个过程，给出了三维重构误差计算方法。基于误差下限分析计算结果，给出了观测距离、拍照间隔与相机姿态指向等任务参数的设计原则，建立了由重构精度反演相机焦距和像素尺寸的方法，形成一套以重构精度为核心指标的观测方案和相机参数设计方法。针对模拟空间目标的仿真试验校验了重构误差估算算法及相机参数和观测方案设计方法的有效性。

Error Analysis and Camera Parameter Design Method for 3 D Reconstruction of a Space Target

Aiming at the space object three-dimensional reconstruction mission, a camera parameter design method is proposed in this study. The source and propagation of three-dimensional reconstruction error is investigated, which leads to a treatment that attributes the error propagation process into two sub-processes, which are the effect of the camera internal parameter over homogeneous coordinates of feature points and that of homogeneous coordinates over the reconstruction accuracy, respectively. Then, a three-dimensional reconstruction error estimation method is introduced. Based on the error lower-bound analysis and calculation results, the relationship between camera network and reconstruction error is summarized, which can be regarded as a camera network design principle. Thirdly, camera focal length and pixel size selection method based on 3D reconstruction accuracy metric is given to establish the framework of camera internal parameter design. A numerical simulation is carried out, where a synthesized space object is used to verify the effectiveness of the reconstruction error estimation algorithm and the framework of camera internal parameter as well as camera network design method.