运载火箭返回着陆在线轨迹规划技术发展

在线轨迹规划技术作为实现可重复使用运载火箭返回着陆的关键技术,能够根据飞行状态实时计算最优飞行轨迹,从而有效应对运载火箭返回过程中内外部不确定性的影响。首先,梳理了在线轨迹规划方法的特点和研究现状。然后,阐述了美国针对在线轨迹规划技术开展的研究工作,以及其他国家航天机构针对垂直着陆制导控制技术设计的验证飞行器和验证计划。最后,结合运载火箭垂直着陆问题的特点,总结了基于数值优化的在线轨迹规划技术的研究方向。

Development of Online Trajectory Planning Technology for Launch Vehicle Return and Landing

Online trajectory planning technology is the key technology to realize the landing of reusable launch vehicle. It can calculate the optimal flight trajectory in real time according to the flight status, thus effectively dealing with the impact of internal and external uncertainties in the return and landing process. First, this paper reviews the characteristics and research situation of online trajectory planning methods. Then, the research work for United States, and the flight demonstrators and plans by other national space agencies for vertical landing guidance and online trajectory planning are elaborated. Finally, according to the characteristics of vertical landing of launch vehicle, the development direction of online trajectory planning technology based on numerical optimization is summarized.