Deuterium in Molecules of the Interstellar Medium

Deuterated molecules are detected both in interstellar translucent clouds and in cold dark clouds, as well as in star forming regions. We review the recent observational studies of deuterated molecules ranging from the VUV to the millimeter wavelength range. We outline some sources of uncertainties on the deuterium fractionation and on the subsequent derivation of the elemental deuterium to hydrogen ratio. Steady state versus time dependent models are discussed and the role of initial conditions is emphasized. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.