民机驾驶舱扬声器啸叫成因研究与抑制方法

民用飞机驾驶舱扬声器是一个电声换能器件,安装在飞机驾驶舱中,可将电信号转为声信号输出,并将声学功率辐射到驾驶舱。驾驶舱扬声器不仅能够为驾驶舱内的机组人员提供与客舱乘务人员以及塔台管制人员的通话语音,还能够提供飞行导航音、选呼音和告警音的发声。因此,驾驶舱扬声器是飞机上不可或缺的机载设备,为飞机的飞行安全提供了保障。驾驶舱扬声器产生的尖锐刺耳啸叫让人难以忍受,导致飞行机组无法听到其他声音,甚至无法使用语音通信系统,严重时会影响到飞行安全。指出驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的危害,分析啸叫的成因,并在此基础上探讨驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的抑制方法,为民机驾驶舱音频系统的防啸叫设计提供一定的参考依据。

Research on the causes of cockpit loudspeaker howling in civil aircraft and suppression methods

The cockpit loudspeaker of civil aircraft is an electrical-acoustic transducer, which is installed in the aircraft cockpit. It can convert the electrical signal into an acoustic signal and radiate the acoustic power to the cockpit. Cockpit loudspeakers can not only provide communication voice between cabin crew and tower control personnel, but also provide navigation sound, Selcall voice and aural warning to pilot. It is an indispensable airborne device, which provides guarantee for flight safety. The squeal of cockpit loudspeaker is so unbearable that the pilots cannot hear other sounds, or even cannot use the voice communication system, which can seriously affect flight safety. This paper points out the harm of the cockpit speaker squeal, analyzes the cause of squealing. And on this basis, this paper discusses the inhibition method of the squeal, which provides some reference for the design of acoustic feedback inhibition of civil aircraft cockpit audio system.