风洞试验中的视频测量技术现状与应用综述

视频测量（Videogrammetric Measurement，VM）技术因其对试验模型的设计制造无要求，受到国内外风洞试验机构的青睐，本文综述了国外航空航天强国的风洞试验机构所掌握的 VM 技术，并分析了 VM 技术在我国高速暂冲风洞试验中应用所面临的问题，据此中国空气动力研究与发展中心（CARDC）提出了多相机动态标定与基于运动估计的序列图像匹配技术，在暂冲高速风洞高噪声（130 dB 左右）振动环境下，建立了高精度的模型位姿光学测量技术，2米量级高速风洞中的多个应用表明：视频测量的精度高，已用于高速试验模型的姿态与变形测量；另一方面，通过 VM 测量偏折位移场得到光束从摄影中心出发穿过扰流区的光程差，为气动光学效应的研究与测量以及试验模型的壁面流动显示提供新的途径，其光路简单、无需使用价格昂贵的相干光源，因此具有巨大应用前景。

Research status and application of videogrammetric measurement techniques for wind tunnel testing

Videogrammetric measurement (VM)becomes a focus technique at home and abroad because of its no special requirements on the test model and its non-contact way for wind tunnel testing.VM techniques and their applications for wind tunnel testing in highly developed institutes abroad are firstly introduced in detail,and some problems about the VM used in high speed intermittent wind tunnels at home are analyzed.Dynamic calibration for multi-cameras and sequential images matching technique for the mark points based on motion evaluation are devel-oped in CARDC in order to achieve the high precision pose measurement in noise(about 130 dB)/vibration environment.The potential application prospects of VM have been demonstrated by several preliminary testing cases in a 2 meter supersonic tunnel tests and a 2.4 meter transonic tunnel,including angles of attack and sideslip measurement of test model,deformation of full size embedded door and a static aero-elastic test model,which shows the precision of VM is high. On the other hand,VM can be used to determine the optical path difference (OPD)by measuring the deviation displacement field induced by the beams from center of camera to the background points crossing the flow field,provides a new way to research and measure aero-optic effects and flow display at the surface of the testing model,which is simple and needs no expensive coherent sources.