不同舵翼操纵面形式的水动力及艇后流场特性数值模拟研究

为研究共翼型舵和非共翼型舵两种操纵面形式的艇后流场特性及螺旋桨推进特性，基于SST(Menter)湍流模型建立了SUBOFF标准潜艇模型尾流场数值预报模型。经试验结果验证，所建立数值模型进行潜艇尾流场及螺旋桨推进性能预报具有较高精度。将SUBOFF潜艇模型的水平舵改进为共翼型舵及非共翼型舵，对艇后流场及水动力性能进行了预报。数值结果表明：在舵角小于10°时，共翼型舵使潜艇的俯仰力矩和垂向力相对非共翼型舵提升20%以上；在舵角超过10°时，共翼型舵的水动力优势随着舵角增大而减小。尾部流场预报显示：共翼型舵在小舵角时可以有效的消除舵翼结合处的涡流，同时共翼型舵可以有效的降低桨盘面伴流的不均匀性，对尾流品质的改善效果优于非共翼型舵。螺旋桨计算结果显示：共翼型舵螺旋桨推进系数在大部分舵角下都小于非共翼型舵，在舵角为20°时，共翼型舵相对非共翼型舵推力系数下降3.5%，扭矩系数下降2.4%；同时共翼型舵的桨盘面流场均匀度要优于非共翼型舵，舵角为5°时，共翼型舵桨盘面处流场不均匀度相对于非共翼型舵要降低7.1%，舵角为25°时则降低25.1%。

Numerical Simulation Research on Hydrodynamic and Wake Flow Characteristics of Submarine with Different Rudder-Wing Combination

A numerical simulation of wake was conducted on the SUBOFF based on the SST(Menter) turbulence model to analyze the characteristics of submarine wake and propeller propulsion with different stern maneuverable surface of conformal rudder and non-conformal rudder. The validation studies showed that the numerical model had good accuracy in prediction of submarine wake and propeller propulsion. The horizontal rudder of the SUBOFF was changed to conformal rudder and non-conformal rudder, then the numerical prediction of the wake field was carried out. The results indicated that the pitch moment and vertical force of submarine with conformal rudder increased more than 20% than that with non-conformal rudder at small rudder angle less than 10 degree. The hydrodynamic advantage of conformal rudder decrease with increase of rudder angle when the rudder angle was greater than 10 degree. The wake prediction results indicated that the conformal rudder can significantly reduce eddy current around the joint of the rudder and the wing when the rudder angle was small, and the the conformal rudder can effectively reduce the uniformity of wake on the propeller disk. Thus the improvement effect of conforal rudder on wake quality was better than non-conformal rudder. The calculation results of propeller indicated that the propeller propulsion coefficients of the conformal rudder was smaller than that of non-conformal rudder at most rudder angle; the thrust coefficient with conformal rudder reduced 3.5% and torque coefficient reduced 2.4% with conformal rudder than that with non-conformal ruder. The wake uniformity of the propeller disk of conformal rudder was better than that that with non-conformal rudder. The uniformity of the propeller disk with conformal rudder decreased 7.1% when the rudder angle was 5 degree and 25.1% when the rudder angle was 25 degree.