区域覆盖特殊椭圆轨道星座优化设计

分析了椭圆轨道的优良特性,它可集中覆盖地面上某一指定纬度带或区域.阐述了临界倾角太阳同步回归轨道这种特殊椭圆轨道的设计方法,总结了其轨道要素的计算步骤.探讨了临界倾角太阳同步回归轨道星座的设计思路,指出了影响星座对目标覆盖性能的关键参数是各个卫星通过目标上空的时刻.介绍了用遗传算法进行星座优化设计的数学模型,利用遗传算法进行了优化设计.讨论了优化结果的统计规律,符合该规律的星座就是本文所研究的特殊椭圆轨道星座,星座性能分析结果表明这种星座适用于区域覆盖. 

Optimization of special elliptic orbit constellation for regional coverage

The merit of elliptic orbit was analyzed,and the merit was that elliptic orbit could give a biasing of earth coverage towards a given latitudinal zone or a given region.The method of designing special elliptic orbit which was critical inclined,sun synchronous and repeating ground trace was expounded,and the calculation process of this method was summarized.The approach to design critical inclined,sun synchronous,repeating ground trace orbit constellation was proposed,and the time each satellite's ground track passed the destination was taken as the key parameter to influence constellation performance.The mathematical models used in genetic algorithm(GA) for constellation optimization were introduced,and the parameters of constellation were optimized by GA.The statistic rule of optimization results was discussed,and the constellation which accorded with this rule was the constellation studied.The analysis result of constellation performance shows that this kind of constellation is fit for regional coverage.