法国MBDA爆震和连续爆震波发动机的研发(英文)

连续爆震波发动机(CDWE)可以弱化一般爆震发动机(PDE)对环境条件的要求,尤其是初始条件要求弱化简化了发动机结构。为了探讨CDWE用于空间发射器的可行性,MBDA与Lavrentiev学院联合进行了一些试验,研究了其工作模式和一些关键点。结果发现:这种发动机在非常小的装置中可提供可观的推力(275daN,条件:直径50mm,长100mm,航空煤油加氧气)。如果采用扩张型喷管,推力还可能增加。在现有尺寸下,插入式或气动锥喷管似乎是最佳设计,在同一流量下,发动机的矢量能力是解决姿态控制的一个方法。热流量非常大,但主要集中在喷射壁面,这一点将有助于在燃烧室内气化喷入的液体燃料。另外,做了初步试验来评估C/SiC复合材料在转动爆震波非常恶劣的机械环境下的性能。在这些研究以外,MBDA还设计了大尺寸地面实验装置来研究使用LH2/LOx混合物的连续爆震波发动机的所有相关问题。作为大尺寸研发的第一步,小尺寸的演示在2010年春季进行。

MBDA R&T EFFORT ON PULSED AND CONTINUOUS DETONATION WAVE ENGINES

The continuous detonation wave engine (CDWE) can be considered to reduce the environmental conditions generated by pulsed detonation engine (PDE) while reducing the importance of initiation issue and simplifying some integration aspects. Specific experimental programs are performed by MBDA and Lavrentiev Institute to study CDWE operating mode and to address some key points for the feasibility of an operational rotating wave engine for space launcher. It is found that such engine can deliver impressive thrust in a very small package (275daN for internal diameter of 50 mm and length of 100 mm, kerosene-oxygen engine) and that can be increased with the use of a diverging nozzle. Due to the geometry of the combustion chamber, a plug or aerospike nozzle seems to be the best design, the thrust vectoring capability of this engine (with the local change of the mass flow rate) being a way to solve the problem of attitude control. The heat fluxes are very high but located mostly near the injection wall. This point will help the gasification of the liquid component injected inside the combustion chamber. Some preliminary tests are performed to evaluate the capability of C/SiC composite materials to sustain the very severe mechanical environment generated by the rotating detonation waves. Beyond these first steps, a large scale ground demonstrator allowing to address all issues for a continuous detonation rocket engine using LH2/LOx mixture is designed by MBDA. As the first step toward the development of this large scale engine, a small scale demo is tested in Spring 2010.