基于地面图像的卫星自主定轨方法可观测性及定轨性能分析

卫星自主定轨是航天发展趋势之一。近年来,高分辨率遥感卫星不断发展,为利用光学遥感图像进行自主定轨提供了可能。在此背景下,提出了一种基于地面特征点图像的自主定轨方法。通过构造局部可观测矩阵分析了该定轨系统的可观测性,并用局部可观测矩阵的条件数表征可观测度,估计系统的定轨性能。通过Monte-Carlo仿真实验评估了系统的定轨表现,结果表明:该定轨方法与多点定位方法相比可以得到更高的定轨精度。

Observability of Satellite Autonomous Orbit Determination Method Using Ground Images and Performance Analysis

Satellite autonomous orbit determination(AOD) is one of future development trends for aerospace. The development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites is paving a promising path toward imagery-based AOD. Under this background, the paper presents an AOD method using images of ground feature points. By constructing the local observability matrix and calculating the observability degree, observability and orbit determination performance of the orbit determination system are analyzed. The orbit determination performance of the system is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. Results indicate that the presented method is capable of providing higher orbit determination accuracy compared with the multiple-point position determination method.