雷暴充电对大气电位的影响

本文在指数导电率大气中,在给定电离层电位情况下,考虑雷暴充电电流源以后,解析地求解了稳态电流守恒方程,获得了大气电位分布的解析表达式.考察这一表达式可以看到,雷暴充电对大气电位的影响和电离层电位对大气电位的影响主要都是垂直地起作用的.从观测到的雷暴充电电流密度的数值以及其他性质出发,利用本文得到的解析表达式进行计算可看到,雷暴充电作用能够使电层高度上的电位上升到由观测所推出的电层电位应具有的数值.数例结果还表明,电离层电位能通过对雷暴上空电层电位值的显著影响而对晴天区低层大气电状态发生作用. 

The Influences of Thunderstorm Charging on Atmospheric Potential

In the atmosphere with an exponential electric conductivity, with given electric potential values in the ionosphere, considering the electric current source by thunderstorm charging, a steady state conservation equation of electric current is solved analytically, and an analytic expression of electric potential distribution is obtained. The expression shows that the effects of thunderstorm charging and ionospheric potential on the atmospheric potential are mainly exerted vertically. Calculation, based on observed current densities of thunderstorm charging and using the expression obtained in this article, shows that the charging by thunderstorm can enhance the potential at the altitude of electric layer to a value similar to that deduced from observations. Calculations also show that the ionospheric potential can influenee the lower atmospheric electricity in fair weather regions through its obvious effects on the potential of electric layer.