绝热层制备工艺的环境影响分析

聚氨酯泡沫绝热层被广泛应用在建筑、家电、汽车和航天等领域,绝热层制备工艺对环境有着重要的影响,因此评价绝热层制备工艺的环境影响有着十分重要的意义。本文采用生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment,LCA)中的ReCiPe方法对绝热层制备工艺的环境影响进行了评价。结果表明,绝热层制备工艺对海洋生态毒性的环境影响最大,其次是人类毒性、淡水生态毒性、淡水富营养化和化石耗竭;油漆、电能、聚氨酯组合剂以及聚脲组合剂是对环境影响贡献较大的清单物质,且环境影响结果对油漆和电能的变化最为敏感;喷漆过程、聚氨酯喷涂过程和聚脲喷涂过程环境影响显著,占比超过了总环境影响的70%。降低绝热层制备工艺环境影响的关键因素有:在设计阶段考虑聚氨酯废料的回收,避免聚氨酯和聚脲材料的浪费,选用较为清洁的粉末型漆料,或者提高电能利用率、提高清洁能源的比例。

Environmental Impact Assessment of Thermal Insulation Layer Preparation Process

Rigid polyurethane insulation layer is widely used in construction, household appliances, automobiles and aerospace, and the preparation process of thermal insulation layer has an important impact on environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the environmental impact of the preparation process. The environmental impacts of the preparation process was conducted using ReCiPe method. It is confirmed that the thermal insulation layer preparation process has the greatest environmental impact on marine eco-toxicity, followed by human toxicity, freshwater eco-toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and fossil depletion. Paint, electricity, polyurethane and polyurea contribute greatly to the environmental impact, and the environmental impact results are most sensitive to paint and electricity. The painting process, the polyurethane and the polyurea spray process contribute more than 70% of the total result. The key factors that reduce the environmental impact include considering the recycle of polyurethane in design phase, avoiding waste of polyurethane and polyuria, using powder paint, improving efficiency of electricity and increasing the proportion of clean energy.