水陆两栖飞机的关键技术和产业应用前景

水陆两栖飞机历经百年的发展，已成为飞机大家族中的稀有机型，但其在现代航空工业中的存在价值和意义却不容忽视，其独特的水陆起降特性更使其依然具有在民用和军事多个领域中应用的优势。除了陆基飞机常规的设计制造技术外，水陆两栖飞机特有的关键技术则是其优良水面起降特性的技术保障，也是航空技术发展的一个重要方面。本文从传统布局和现代创新布局两个方面阐释了水陆两栖飞机的设计特点和技术特征以及发展转变，从水陆两栖飞机水动力特性和气动特性等方面分析了影响其发展的关键技术，并探讨了水陆两栖飞机的产业应用领域前景以及技术发展方向。

Key technologies and industrial application prospects of amphibian aircraft

After a hundred years of development, the amphibian aircraft becomes the rare type in the aircraft family. However, in modern aviation industry, its existence and significance should hardly be ignored. Its unique characteristics of take-off and landing on water/land make it capable of serving in multiple fields of civil and military areas. In addition to the conventional design and manufacturing technology of land-based aircraft, the unique key technology of amphibian aircraft is adopted to ensure her excellent take-off and landing characteristics on water, marking the significant development in aviation technology. Amphibian aircraft design features and technical characteristics, together with her development are analyzed from the aspects of traditional layout and innovative layout. Key technologies that affect its development are analyzed in the aspects of amphibian aircraft hydrodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics. The industrial application prospects of amphibian aircraft and the direction of technological development are discussed in the paper.