涡桨飞机发展现状及关键气动问题

独特的动力形式赋予了涡桨飞机优越的推进效率和良好的低速机动、起降性能，使得其在军用及民用领域占有重要的地位并得以不断发展，但同时也带来了一系列需要重点关注的设计问题。本文从目前国内外涡桨飞机的发展现状和设计特点出发，提出其面临的主要气动问题。重点针对国内亟待发展的舰载类涡桨飞机起降过程中的失速和操纵问题进行深入研究，剖析了翼面附近流动的分离状态和发展趋势对于失速特性及操纵安全性的影响规律，归纳总结出需要关注的关键约束和设计原则。在此基础上，通过对一组计算实例的分析，给出了机翼空间流场变化特征和宏观气动力之间的内在联系，并深入阐述了三维增升构型与干净构型及其各站位翼剖面的设计关联性。

Development status and key aerodynamic problems of turboprop aircraft

The distinctive propulsion device equips the turboprop aircraft with superior propulsion efficiency, excellent low-speed maneuverability as well as good take-off and landing performance, enabling it to develop constantly and occupy a significant place in military and civil fields. But at the same time, the propulsion device also brings a series of design problems that need to be focused on. Based on the current development statuses and design characteristics of the turboprop aircraft at home and abroad, the main aerodynamic problems are pointed out. The stalling and maneuvering issues during the take-off and landing processes of carrier-based turboprops that are urgently to be developed in China are studied in detail. The paper focuses on the influence of the flow separation state and developing trend around the wing surface on the stalling characteristics and maneuvering safety, summarizing the key constraints and design principles to be concerned. On this basis, through the analysis of a set of calculation examples, this paper illustrates the internal relations between the characteristics of flow field around the wing and the total aerodynamic forces. What's more, the design association of the three-dimensional high-lift configuration with the clean wing and the wing profiles at different spanwise positions is also fully expounded.