基于伴随理论的大型客机气动优化设计研究进展

大型民用客机的气动设计具有巡航马赫数高、部件间流动干扰复杂、外形精细化修形难度大等特点，完全依靠人工试凑法进行气动设计工作量巨大。基于高可信度数值模拟的优化设计技术可以对该类问题进行自动寻优设计，给设计师提供有力参考，因此在大型民用客机气动设计中发挥着越来越显著的作用。首先，以大型民用客机为背景，总结了民机气动设计中的关键科学问题，指出了梯度优化设计方法在民用客机不同优化设计问题中的适用性，并进一步对梯度求解中的伴随方法理论进行了详细介绍。然后，分析了基于伴随理论的气动优化设计方法以及气动结构多学科优化设计方法在民用客机设计中的研究进展，其中气动优化设计方面着重突出了复杂全机多部件气动外形优化设计方法以及飞机/发动机一体化优化设计方法。最后，对基于伴随理论的气动优化设计方法在大型民机中的应用进展进行了提炼，对未来发展趋势进行了展望与建议。

Progress of adjoint-based aerodynamic optimization design for large civil aircraft

Large civil aircraft shows high cruise Mach number, complex interactive flow disturbance between components and difficult refined shape modification in the aerodynamic design. A huge workload is needed when the ‘cut and try’ technique is adopted in the aerodynamic design. The aerodynamic optimization method based on the high-fidelity simulation technique is able to solve this problem and gives valuable reference to the designers. This advantage makes the optimization technique based on high-fidelity simulation method become more significant in the aerodynamic design of civil aircraft. In this review, the key problems in the aerodynamic design of civil aircraft are summarized firstly. By comparing the gradient-based and gradient-free frameworks, we conclude that the gradient-based optimization design method is more suitable for the large-scale high-fidelity design optimization problems of the civil aircraft. Furthermore, the adjoint theory which used to solve the gradient is introduced in detail. Then, the developments of the aerodynamic shape optimization design method and multidisciplinary design optimization technology are analyzed. In the aspect of aerodynamic optimization of complex full configuration with multi-component and aircraft/engine integrated design are emphasized. Finally, the applications of adjoint method in the large civil aircraft are summarized and the future development trend of the large civil aircraft is also discussed.