欧美月球GNSS规划现状分析综述

月球是地球最重要的天然卫星，当前国际上正在迎来新一轮月球探索高潮，数十个机构和商业团队正在规划月球探索任务，并设想在未来实现航天员长期驻月，围绕月球的“太空竞赛”刚刚开始。月球GNSS（基于现有的地球GNSS以及新的环月卫星通信导航基础设施的月球卫星通信导航定位技术）是空间基准科研的基础，能够提供航天器着陆定位以及月面（及其覆盖空间）定位、导航与授时等服务，同时可以将月球作为试验场，将导航工具包扩展到更远的目的地（如火星）。对欧美近期发布的月球GNSS规划进行了整理归纳，其中包括美国月球GNSS接收机实验（LuGRE）计划和欧洲月光（MoonLight）计划，以及美国中远期月球通信中继和导航系统（LCRNS）计划，这些计划可以为我国开展月球GNSS规划提供参考。

Review of lunar GNSS planning in Europe and America

The moon is Earth''s most important natural satellite, and currently, there is a new wave of lunar exploration worldwide, with numerous institutions and commercial teams planning missions to explore the moon and envisioning the possibility of astronauts living on the moon for extended periods of time. The space race around the moon has just begun. The significance of lunar GNSS (lunar satellite communication-navigation and positioning based on the existing Earth-based GNSS, as well as the new circumlunar satellite communication and navigation infrastructure) is the space reference scientific research foundation and can provide spacecraft landing positioning and lunar surface (and its coverage space) positioning, navigation and timing services. At the same time, the Moon can be used as a test site to expand the navigation toolkit to farther destinations (such as Mars). This review mainly summarizes the recent lunar GNSS plans released by Europe and America, including the American Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE) program and the European MoonLight program, and the American mid-to-long-term Lunar Communication Relay and Navigation System (LCRNS) program. This review can provide technical reference for China''s lunar GNSS planning.