企业绩效差异根源论——来自转型期国有与非国有企业的经验证据

企业绩效本质上是人力资本与制度安排的函数，决定企业绩效的关键因素是创新型人力资本或企业人力资本的创新动力与能力。基于制度安排差异而导致的创新型人力资本缺乏、创新动力与能力双重不足，是转型期国有企业相对于非国有企业绩效低下的根本原因。从战略上改进国有企业绩效，应以创新型人力资本为核心重塑国有企业制度创新战略，促使一般型与专业型人力资本转变为创新型人力资本，充分调动经营者和职工的创新积极性，正确诱导经营者和职工的创新行为，从而提高企业团队的创新动力与能力。

On the Source of the Performance of Enterprises

The paper holds the point that the enterprise performance is essentially the function of human capital and institutional arrangements.Overall,enterprise performance is comprehensively determined by internal and external systematic environment including human capital stock,property rights,competition,management and so on.With an emphasis,the key factor that decides enterprise performance is innovative human capital or the innovative power and ability of human capital.The thesis proves that the root causes for the relatively lower performance of the state-owned enterprises during the changing period from the planning economy to the market economy are:differences in institutional arrangement which lead to the lack of the innovative human capital,double shortage of enterprise innovative motivation and capability.Therefore,if the state-owned enterprises want to improve the performance,they should reshape the institution innovation strategy of state-owned enterprises by taking the innovative human capital as the core system of innovative strategies,and promote the normal-type and professional-type human capital transforming to the innovative human capital,fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of innovation and correctly inducting the innovative commitment of operators and workers,thus improving innovative power and ability of enterprise team.