深空粉尘环境探测技术综述

空间粉尘携带了跨越时间和空间的大量信息，从星系起源到行星系演化，甚至携带了生命起源的基本物质。空间粉尘环境一方面给人类提供了了解深空环境的媒介，另一方面也对人类空间行为产生影响。随着科学载荷技术的发展，粉尘环境探测器能力也逐渐由单纯记录事件向记录粉尘物化特征扩展。文章综述了目前已经开展的空间粉尘环境探测项目，并以高速撞击效应为切入点讨论了以光学、应力及声波、电学测量、原位捕获与返回检测等技术手段为主的空间粉尘探测技术，指出未来随着深空探测项目的开展和探测对象的扩大，空间粉尘环境探测需求会推动具有复合功能、低质量功耗、高精度的探测技术进一步发展。

Dust environmental detection in deep space explorations

The space dust carries a large amount of information across time and space, from the origin of the galaxies to the evolution of the planetary systems, and even the basic matter of the origin of life. The space dust environment provides human beings with a medium to understand the deep space environment on one hand, and the human space behavior on the other hand. With the development of the scientific load technology, the ability of the dust environment detectors has gradually extended from simply recording events to recording the dust’s physicochemical characteristics. The paper reviews the past space dust environment detection projects, focusing on the space dust detection technologies based on the optical method, the stress method, the acoustic waves method, the electrical measurement, the in-situ capture and the return detection. It is pointed out that with the development of the deep-space exploration projects and the expansion of the detection objects in the future, the demand for the space dust environment detection will promote the further development of the detection technology with composite functions, low mass power consumption and high accuracy.