Nonisotropic turbulence in swirling flows

Recent experimental, inverse and prediction studies have disputed isotropy assumptions for turbulent swirling flows. To cater for the simulation (and hence solution) of these flows, simple turbulence models may be modified or more advanced models developed. This paper reviews recent work in this area, clarifies the entent of nonisotropy and recommends suitable turbulence models to effect closure of the governing Reynolds equations.