卫星高压气瓶的超高速撞击试验

微流星体及空间碎片超高速撞击对在轨航天器构成了严重威胁,星上压力容器受空间碎片撞击后所产生的威胁是十分严重的,可能导致航天器发生灾难性失效,过早结束其使命。文章通过星上常用气瓶的超高速撞击试验,获取了不同弹丸撞击参数下气瓶器壁的通孔孔径,得到了在弹丸撞击速度为(6.5±0.3)km/s、无防护情况下气瓶器壁的弹道极限,并分析了导致充压气瓶灾难性失效的弹丸直径范围;通过对试验数据拟合,初步建立了弹丸正撞击速度为(6.5±0.3)km/s、无防护情况下气瓶器壁的通孔孔径预测公式,为航天器遭遇空间碎片撞击的风险评估及防护措施制定提供依据。

Experimental of Gas-filled Pressure Vessel under Hypervelocity Normal Impact

The hypervelocity impact(HVI) of meteoroid/orbital debris(M/OD) on spacecraft wall could cause severe damage.The failure of pressure vessels,the key parts threatened by M/OD,would lead to a catastrophic failure of spacecraft.The HVI characteristics and failure modes of the spherical pressure vessel were presented.The hole diameters under different projectile impact parameters were achieved according to the HVI tests of unpressurized vessels,then the ballistic limit diameter of projectile at a velocity 6.5km/s was analyzed.HVI tests of gas-filled pressurized vessels were also carried out to analyze the impact parameter leading to a catastrophic failure of the vessel.Finally,the prediction model of hole diameter was achieved by means of HVI test data fitting,which provided reference for M/OD shielding design of spacecraft