空间碎片天基监测图像仿真研究

空间碎片天基光学监测可以有效弥补地基监测的时空覆盖缺陷.目前天基观测数据不足甚至没有数据，这给监测系统研制、数据处理算法研究及软件系统研发和验证造成了一定困难.因此，研发能够为相关研究提供空间监测图像的空间碎片天基监测图像仿真软件系统具有重要意义.本文根据天基监测图像的特点，研究基本算法，设计仿真流程，给出仿真图像并对结果进行分析.为得到符合实际观测场景的高精度仿真图像，软件系统采用瞬时惯性坐标系；基于Tycho2星表提出了采用基于索引文件的快速星表查询方法来生成背景星图；利用两行根数（Two-Line Element，TLE）数据集仿真空间碎片观测值；并对结果图像中目标的运行轨迹进行分析，得出天基监测空间目标的成像特性.仿真结果表明，该仿真系统能够针对不同观测条件和观测平台，在兼顾精度与时效性的情况下，获得较为真实的空间碎片天基光学系列观测图像. 

Research on Image Simulation for Space-based Space Debris Surveillance

Space-Based Space Surveillance (SBSS) is an effective mean to complement ground-based system which results in better spatial and temporal coverage. However, the lack of SBSS tracking data has caused inconvenience to the development and validation of the system, algorithm and software. For this, simulation software for generating SBSS images has been developed. In this paper, based on the characteristics of SBSS images, the research of fundamental algorithms is conducted, the simulation process is designed, the example images are given, and the results are analyzed. The instantaneous inertial coordinate system is used in the software system to obtain the high-precision simulation image which conforms to the actual SBSS scenarios. Based on Tycho2 catalog, a fast catalog query method based on the index file was proposed to generate background stars. Simulated observations are generated based on multiple TLE datasets. Finally, we present some examples and analyze the trajectory characteristics of space debris and stars in the images. The simulation results show that the simulation system can obtain more realistic space-based optical images for space debris under different observation conditions and loads, which take accuracy and timeliness into account.