水平冲击下头排乘员损伤及保护姿势研究

为研究水平冲击下不同参数对于头排乘员损伤的影响及不同保护姿势的保护效果。首先进行水平16g动态冲击试验，建立相应的数值模型，验证模型有效性；其次通过正交试验设计进行参数研究，揭示头排座椅间距、安全带刚度、隔板刚度、安全带固定点位置对于乘员损伤的影响；最后研究直立式、抱脚式、手顶式3种姿势对于头排乘员的保护效果。结果表明头排座椅间距以及隔板刚度对乘员头部损伤影响显著；头排乘员头部、颈部、股骨、胫骨损伤对安全带材料特性及安全带固定点位置不敏感；抱脚式、手顶式保护姿势均对头排乘员头部有较好的保护效果。在水平冲击下采用头部前倾的抱脚式保护姿势可使头排乘员头部、颈部、股骨及胫骨损伤均小于限定值。

Research on injury and brace position for front-row occupant under horizontal impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different parameters and different brace positions on front-row occupant's injury. First of all, the horizontal 16g dynamic impact tests are conducted, and the corresponding multibody models are developed and validated based on the test data. Then parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of seat setback distances, stiffness of bulkhead and seatbelt, and seatbelt anchorage locations on occupant's injury. In addition, this study evaluates the effects of different brace positions on prevention of front-row occupant. Results show that the seat setback distances and stiffness of bulkhead had significant influences on the head injury of occupants. The injury of head, neck, femur, and tibia are not sensitive to the seatbelt material properties and seatbelt anchorage locations. The hand-hold-feet and hand-touch-bulkhead brace positions have good protection on head injury of front-row occupants. The hand-hold-feet brace position with head-forward could limit the injury of head, neck, femur, and tibia for front-row occupant within the limited value under emergency landing.