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Radiolysis and Photolysis of Icy Satellite Surfaces: Experiments and Theory |
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| Authors: | T Cassidy P Coll F Raulin R W Carlson R E Johnson M J Loeffler K P Hand R A Baragiola |
| Institution: | 1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA 2. Engineering Physics Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA 3. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, Créteil, France 4. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, Université Paris 7 et Paris 12, CNRS, Créteil, France 5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA 6. Physics Dept., New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA 7. Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 8. Laboratory for Atomic and Surface Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA |
| Abstract: | The transport and exchange of material between bodies in the outer solar system is often facilitated by their exposure to ionizing radiation. With this in mind we review the effects of energetic ions, electrons and UV photons on materials present in the outer solar system. We consider radiolysis, photolysis, and sputtering of low temperature solids. Radiolysis and photolysis are the chemistry that follows the bond breaking and ionization produced by incident radiation, producing, e.g., O2 and H2 from irradiated H2O ice. Sputtering is the ejection of molecules by incident radiation. Both processes are particularly effective on ices in the outer solar system. Materials reviewed include H2O ice, sulfur-containing compounds (such as SO2 and S8), carbon-containing compounds (such as CH4), nitrogen-containing compounds (such as NH3 and N2), and mixtures of those compounds. We also review the effects of ionizing radiation on a mixture of N2 and CH4 gases, as appropriate to Titan’s upper atmosphere, where radiolysis and photolysis produce complex organic compounds (tholins). |
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