对接机构的涡流阻尼器阻尼力矩的有限元仿真和试验分析

涡流阻尼器可以很好吸收航天器交会对接时产生的碰撞能量,其阻尼力矩直接关系其对碰撞能量的吸收,但没有通用的阻尼力矩计算公式.通过对研发的对接机构用涡流阻尼器样机的有限元仿真和实验,分析其阻尼力矩.介绍了对接机构的涡流阻尼器样机的结构、2D和3D电磁场有限元仿真模型和阻尼力矩测试系统,分析了涡流阻尼器的磁极对数、转子材料导电率、转子长度、转子厚度、转子平均直径对阻尼力矩的影响,给出了阻尼力矩的计算公式.计算结果表明,对铝合金转子涡流阻尼器样机,阻尼力矩的计算值与实测值误差小,对铜合金转子涡流阻尼器样机,阻尼力矩的计算值与实测值误差较大.分析结果有助于对接机构用涡流阻尼器的研制.

Finite Element Analysis and Test of Damping Torque of Eddy Current Damper for Docking Mechanism

An eddy current damper is considered to be most suitable for energy absorption of the docking system in space, its damping torque is the most important for energy absorption, but there is no general method to solve the damping torque analytically. An eddy current damper used for docking mechanism is presented in this paper, which is very similar to a coreless permanent magnet generator. The influences of parameters of the eddy current damper on the damping torque at the given volume are discussed. The structure, the simulation models and the test system scheme of the eddy current damper are introduced firstly, and effects of number of magnetic poles, as well as conductivity, length, thickness and mean diameter of the rotor on the damping torque are analyzed, finite element analysis and test are employed to perform the analysis. Finally, an equation to express the relationship between the damping torque and these parameters is presented. The discrepancies between torque values obtained by the equation and experimental test for a few prototypes are reasonable, thus showing that the damping torque equation could help to proceed with the design of an eddy current damper for docking mechanism.