月面高温下推力器可靠性试验

嫦娥五号着陆上升组合体落月后将经历月昼强红外辐射环境,由于推力器喷管导热影响,使推进剂管路与电磁阀面临高温环境,推进系统存在管路内氧化剂汽化和推力器性能下降甚至无法正常工作的问题,影响上升器月面起飞正常姿态控制。为了研究高温下推力器的工作性能,进行了高温下氟塑料阀芯与氧化剂相容性调研,提出了电磁阀和推力器可靠性增长及可靠性验证试验方法,分析了温度与电磁阀阀芯行程的关系,获取了高温环境下推力器的稳态及脉冲工作性能,在小子样条件下评估了推力器可靠性置信下限及月面起飞上升推进系统可靠度,通过月面高温排气及月面起飞上升姿态控制对研究结果进行了航天器在轨飞行验证,圆满完成了上升器月面起飞上升任务。所提出的研究方法及思路具有很好的工程适用性。

Thruster reliability experiment under high temperature on lunar surface

The landing-ascending assembly of CE-5 experienced strong infrared radiation environment after landing on the moon. Because of the influence of thruster nozzle thermal conductivity, the pipe and solenoid valves faced high temperature environment. The propulsion system suffered oxidant gasification in the pipeline and thruster performance degradation or even inability to work, affecting the normal ascender attitude control after rising from the moon surface. In order to study the performance of thruster at high temperature, the compatibility of fluorine plastic spool and oxidizer at high temperature was investigated, reliability growth and reliability verification test methods for solenoid valves and thrusters were presented, the relationship between temperature and solenoid valve spool stroke was analyzed, the steady state and pulse performance of the thruster at high temperature environment was acquired, and the confidence lower limit of thruster reliability and the reliability of the propulsion system were evaluated under the condition of small sample. The results were verified by high temperature exhaust and the ascent attitude control. The lunar ascent mission was successfully completed. The research methods and ideas proposed have good engineering applicability.