载人航天器内菌斑清除装置设计及初步应用验证

为了能够快速有效地清除空间站等载人航天器舱内的菌斑，提出了一种菌斑清除装置方案。从样机原理结构、载荷强度仿真、工艺参数分析和优化方面进行了阐述。地面验证实验的初步结果表明:样机在最优工艺条件下，即风速20 m/s、紫外LED灯功率5 W、光照时间10 min时，菌斑的收集率和杀菌率可达到91%和99.5%，满足使用需求；快速染菌实验表明:样机对易腐蚀菌株芽枝状枝孢霉、黑曲霉、金灰青霉的菌斑清除率和杀菌率均在90%以上；实际应用中，对密闭舱室灯板上的菌斑清除率达到99%。该装置的应用有望提升我国载人航天器在轨防控微生物污染与腐蚀的能力。

Design of plaque removal device used in manned spacecraft with preliminary application verification

In order to quickly and effectively remove the bacterial plaque inside manned spacecraft such as space stations, a scheme is proposed for designing the plague removing device. The principle structure, the simulation of payload strength, the analysis of processing parameters, as well as the optimization approaches are presented. The preliminary results of the ground experiments show that the collection rate and the sterilization rate of the prototype can reach 91% and 99.5%, respectively, under the optimal process conditions(wind speed: 20 m/s, UV LED power: 5 W, irradiation time: 10 min), which meet the usage requirements. The rapid dyeing experiments show that the prototype’s spot removal rate and the sterilization rate of the corrosive strains of Aspergillus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium are better than 90%. In the practical application, the removal rate of the fungal plaque on the light board of the sealed compartment reaches 99%. The device is expected to enhance the ability of manned spacecraft to prevent and control microbial contamination & corrosion in orbit.